导读:第一章 简单句的核心.第一节 简单句的核心构成.简单句的核心导图.注意.主谓双宾:通常双宾语时“人+物”(to表示动作的方向,for表示动作的目的)。.例:She cooked her husband │a delicious meal..她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。.主谓宾补:“宾”
例:She cooked her husband │a delicious meal.
她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
例:She painted her nails red.
她把自己的指甲涂成了红色。
例:The weather gets hot in summer.
水在夏天变热
系动词分类:
“三态一否”
(1)一般过去时:谓语动词=did(事情发生在过去,现在已经改变)
A century ago,the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and
sojourners.
一个世纪前,来自大西洋彼岸的移民包括定居者和旅居者。
(2)一般现在时:谓语动词=do/does(表示现在的状态,也可以表示现在经常性、习惯性发生的事)
After bills,Tony has£60 a week to spend…
除去账单,托尼每周有60美元可以花。
(3)一般将来时:谓语动词=will do、am/is/are going to do(现在的之后)
..the future will be a wasteland of a different sort...
未来将会是一个不同种类的荒地
(4)过去将来时:谓语动词would do、was/were going to do(过去的之后)
(Facebook promised the European commission...)it would not link phone numbers
to Facebook identities...
(Facebook向欧盟委员会承诺……)它不会这么做
把电话号码和Facebook的身份联系起来……
(1)过去进行时:谓语动词=was/were+doing
…but 10 years ago he was earning£130,000 a year.…
过去那个时候他正在一年赚13万英镑
(2)现在进行时:谓语动词=am/is/are+doing
...but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning.
但是高失业率的时代现在正在开始
(3)将来进行时:谓语动词=will be+doing(将来某时正在进行,将来确定要发生的事情)
Native U.S.workers won't be returning to the farm.
美国本土的工人将来确定不会返回农场
(1)过去完成时:谓语动词=had done(过去的之前)
Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades..
公司已经赢得分离dns的专利几十年了
Many said that unemployment...had improved them in some ways…
许多人说失业...在某些方面也提升了他们
(2)现在完成时:谓语动词=have/has done(现在的之前)
搭配:already/just/ever/never/also/nearly/long…
This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor countries.
这种“人才流失”长期以来一直困扰着贫穷国家的决策者
(3)将来完成时:谓语动词=will have done
we will have wasted them.
我们将已经浪费他们
(1)过去完成进行时:谓语动词=had been+doing
The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after
rising bewilderingly since 2003.
自从2003年的急速发展之后,世界艺术品市场失去其(原有的)势头已经有一段时间了
(2)现在完成进行时:谓语动词=have/has been doing
..the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.
...最近几周,关注度一直在稳步上升
(3)将来完成进行时:will have been+doing
用法:
(1)接动词原形
(2)一般只有现在和过去两种时态(表示过去;表示现在的更委婉的语气)
推测的可能性:
t/couldn
t:不可能”情态动词+do“的变体:
情态动词的词组:have to(不得不,必须)/ought to(应该)
语态分为两种:
例:But her appeal was considered a failure by+动作发出者
例:Obesity...can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very
severely obese.(2014,Use of English)
肥胖...可以分为(能够被分为)中度肥胖、严重肥胖和极度肥胖
例:Their success may be determined by a suit...(2012,Reading
Comprehension,Part A Text 3)
他们的成功可能是由一宗...诉讼案决定的
例:...sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action
and choice.(2010,Translation)
...可持续性观念必须通过每日的行为和选择才能得到体现
例:A few decades ago,many people didn't drink water outside of a
meal.(2010,Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 3)
几十年前,许多人不会在餐外时间喝水
It has not been much fun.(2011,Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 2)
【补充】如果一个谓语动词中包含多个助动词或情态动词,否定加在第一个助动词或情态动词后。
例:I will not be waiting for you.
译:我将不会等着你。
有情态动词wil,还有助动词be,变否定要把not加在第一个情态动词will后。
强调现在:do/does+V.原型
强调过去:did+V.原型
强调将来:一般不用
例:But science does provide us with the best available guide to the
future..(英语,2005,Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 2)
但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最有效的指导
名词或名词词组作主语、宾语、表语
代词(代替上下文中提过的名词)来作主语、宾语、表语
例:...they portray an idealised version of themselves.(2014,Reading
Comprehension,Part A Text 2)
...他们描绘出了自己的理想化版本
代词they作主语;
`名词词组an idealised version作宾语,位于及物动词portray后;
代词themselves作介词of的宾语。
非谓语动词的三种形式:
例:...amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children's
marketing strategy...(2012,Reading Comprehension,Part AText 2)
...放大年龄和性别差异成为儿童(用品)市场一种主要的营销策略...
动宾:
例:I love creating...(2017,Reading Comprehension,Part B)
我热爱创造
介宾:
例:The most likely reason for departing a board was age...(2011,Reading
Comprehension,Part A Text 1)
离开董事会的最可能的原因就是年龄问题
不考
例:...it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.(2017,Reading
Comprehension,Part A Text 2)
...这容易导致父母忽视自己对电子设备的使用
It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.(对于某人来说)做某事是怎么样的
例:Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek
balance by gaining objectivity from external sources.(2015,Reading
Comprehension,Part B)
今天,许多人发现很难去相信自己的观点,也很难通过从外部来源获得客观性来寻求平衡
例:The idea is to create a federation of private online identity
systems.(2011,Use of English)
这一构想是建立一个私人的网络身份系统联盟
例:Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing
things for oneself...(2014,Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 1)
买礼品(送人)或者做慈善常常比为自己购物更快乐
a./ad./pr.短语也可以作表语:
But the policy is unclear and contradictory (2012,Reading Comprehension,Part
A Text 1)
但是这一政策不是很明确,也有争议
多个名词一同做表语:
That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled,or letting foreign
corporations run uncontrolled..(英语一,2001,Reading Comprehension,,Passage2)
这并不是说卑躬屈膝,任人愚弄,也不是对外国公司不加控制
基数词+序数词:five of fifth(1/5)
例:More than three million doses were to be made available in early October
2009…
超过三百万剂量将在2009年10月初发放
be+to+do:将要做某事
例:...renewable energy is already a principal energy source.(2018,Reading
Comprehension,Part A Text 2)
可再生能源已经是主要的能源(来源)
(1)副词修饰动词
例:This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity.(2019,Reading
Comprehension,Part A Text 2)
这个暂时降低了碳承载能力
(2)副词修饰句子
例:Unfortunately,people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating
fears.(2015,Reading Comprehension,Part B)
不幸的是,人们在夸大恐惧的帮助下制造了内在的障碍
(3)副词修饰形容词或其他的副词
例:...those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly
quickly...(2012,Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 4)
...来自名牌大学的毕业生可以非常快地赶上...
例:The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as
possible within its doors.(2016,Translation)
超市被设计成去诱使顾客花尽可能多的时间待在店内
例:..machines can perform much better at than human beings.(2014,Reading
Comprehension,Part A Text 3)
...机器比人类表现得好得多(在这些工作上)
例:The most immediate changes will be observed in skill level,strength and
inches lost.(2019,Use of English)
最直接的变化将体现在技能水平、力量和减少的(身体)维度上
介词 | 表达含义 |
---|---|
at/on/in | 在。。。时间点/时间上/时间内 |
before/after | 在。。。时间之前/之后 |
from,since | 自从。。。时间 |
by,until | 截止到(直到)。。。时间 |
for | 持续。。。时间 |
during | 在。。。期间 |
例:For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without
attracting much criticism (2011,Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 1)
在这十年剩余的时间里,她在两份工作中都表现得相当好,并没有招来太多的非议
介词 | 表达含义 |
---|---|
at/in | 在。。。地点/在。。。里面 |
on,above,over/under,below,neneath | 在。。。上面/下面(不需要区分细微区别) |
in front of/behind | 在。。。之前/之后 |
near/by,beside,next to | 在。。。附近/在。。。旁边(挨着) |
between(两者),among(三者) | 在。。。之间 |
around | 在。。。周围 |
into/out of | 进入。。。里面/从。。。里面出去 |
onto/off | 到。。。上面/脱离。。。 |
across,through/past | 穿过。。。/经过。。。 |
along | 沿着。。。 |
from/to,towards | 来自。。。/朝着。。。去 |
beyond | 超出,超过(指在范围外) |
Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen
among rich and poor people.(2014,Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 1)
然而,在富人和穷人当中,会看到这样一种联系:把钱花在其他人身上会给自己带来幸福感。。。
介词 | 表达含义 |
---|---|
of | 。。。的。。。(表示属性) |
about | 关于。。。 |
with/without | 伴随着有。。。/没有。。。 |
for | 为了。。。(表示目的) |
for | 因为。。。(表示原因) |
for | 对于。。。(表示对象) |
by | 通过。。。方式或方法 |
by | 被。。。做(被动语态+by+动作的发出者) |
by | 相差了。。。(表示变化的差额) |
as | 作为。。。 |
as | 像。。。一样,如同。。。 |
like | 像。。。一样 |
despite,in spite of | 尽管。。。 |
例:They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.(2018,Reading
Comprehension,Part A Text 1)
他们还可以通过组装自行车来学习几何学
非谓语动词:
例:It is the first worldwide epidemic designated by the World Health
Organization in 41 years.(2010,Use of English)
这是世界卫生组织41年来第一次指定的世界性流行病
例:...nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared
with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.(2012,Translation)
。。。将近40%移居外国的人受过高中以上教育,相比之下,全印度25岁以上教育的人约占3.3%
例:But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk
groups:health care workers,people caring for infants and healthy young
people.(2010,Use of English)
但是其他高危人群接种该疫苗是可行的,如医护工作者、儿童护理人员以及健康的年轻人
上一篇:2023年7月随笔之吐槽是门必修
下一篇:9个必备的vscode插件利器,